Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition

Aug. 2018

Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, is a compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, clinical, and clinical trial data on diabetes and its complications in the United States. It was published by NIDDK during 2016–2018. The intended audience is the wide range of individuals in the research community, clinicians, health policy makers, and individuals with diabetes, as well as their caregivers and family members. The compendium is also available on the National Library of Medicine's Bookshelf which expands access to the scientific community through its link to PubMed.

Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, contains 42 chapters organized into three areas:

Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes: Descriptive epidemiology of diabetes in the United States based on national surveys and community-based studies, including prevalence and incidence; sociodemographic, metabolic, and lifestyle characteristics; genetics and risk factors for developing diabetes; and unique aspects of diabetes in younger and older populations, and in pregnant women (chapters 1–16)
Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions: The myriad complications that affect patients with diabetes, including mortality (chapters 17–36)
Section III: Prevention and Medical Care for Diabetes: Clinical trials and studies to prevent diabetes; medication use and self-care practices, health care utilization, and quality of care; and economic aspects including health insurance and health care costs (chapters 37–42)

This page includes:

Chapter PDFs and figures
Additional information (including blog posts and fact sheet)

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Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition

Editors: Catherine C. Cowie, Sarah Stark Casagrande, Andy Menke, Michelle A. Cissell, Mark S. Eberhardt, James B. Meigs, Edward W. Gregg, William C. Knowler, Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, Dorothy J. Becker, Frederick L. Brancati, Edward J. Boyko, William H. Herman, Barbara V. Howard, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Marian Rewers, and Judith E. Fradkin.

PMID: 33651524

Cover (PDF, 0.28 MB)
Preface (PDF, 0.07 KB)
Steering Committee (PDF, 0.45 MB)
Editorial Board (PDF, 0.46 MB)
Authors (PDF, 0.12 MB)
External Reviewers (PDF, 0.07 MB)
Full List of Diabetes in America, 3rd Edition, Chapters (PDF, 0.50 MB)

Section I: Spectrum of Diabetes

Chapter 1: Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes (PDF, 1.17 MB)
Saul M. Genuth, MD, Jerry P. Palmer, MD, and David M. Nathan, MD
Figures (ZIP, 1.9 MB)
PMID: 33651569
Chapter 2: Prevalence and Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Among Children and Adults in the United States and Comparison With Non-U.S. Countries (PDF, 1.32 MB)
Giuseppina Imperatore, MD, PhD, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis, PhD, Trevor J. Orchard, MD, and Victor W. Zhong, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.64 MB)
PMID: 33651561
Chapter 3: Prevalence and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 5.82 MB)
Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH, Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Linda S. Geiss, MA
Figures (ZIP, 6.46 MB)
PMID: 33651562
Chapter 4: Gestational Diabetes (PDF, 0.77 MB)
Boyd E. Metzger, MD, and Thomas A. Buchanan, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.16 MB)
PMID: 33651565
Chapter 5: Preexisting Diabetes and Pregnancy (PDF, 2.47 MB)
John L. Kitzmiller, MD, MS, Assiamira Ferrara MD, PhD, Tiffany Peng, MA, Michelle A. Cissell, PhD, and Catherine Kim, MD, MPH
PMID: 33651557
Chapter 6: Other Specific Types of Diabetes (PDF, 0.63 MB)
Gregory P. Forlenza, MD, Antoinette Moran, MD, and Brandon Nathan, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.44 MB)
PMID: 33651540
Chapter 7: Monogenic Forms of Diabetes (PDF, 2.5 MB)
Mark A. Sperling, MD, and Abhimanyu Garg, MD
Figures (ZIP, 7.96 MB)
PMID: 33651552
Chapter 8: Sociodemographic Characteristics of Persons With Diabetes (PDF, 6.59 MB)
Mark S. Eberhardt, PhD, Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 1.97 MB)
PMID: 33651553
Chapter 9: Physical and Metabolic Characteristics of Persons With Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 1.59 MB)
Andy Menke, PhD, William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 4.21 MB)
PMID: 33651536
Chapter 10: Lifestyle Characteristics Among People With Diabetes and Prediabetes (PDF, 2.97 MB)
Rachel P. Ogilvie, MPH, Azadeh Zabetian, MD, Ali H. Mokdad, PhD, and K.M. Venkat Narayan, MD, MSc, MBA
Figures (ZIP, 0.75 MB)
PMID: 33651547
Chapter 11: Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.96 MB)
Marian Rewers, MD, PhD, Lars C. Stene, PhD, and Jill M. Norris, MPH, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.73 MB)
PMID: 33651530
Chapter 12: Genetics of Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 2.2 MB)
Stephen S. Rich, PhD, Henry Erlich, PhD, and Patrick Concannon, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 3.02 MB)
PMID: 33651545
Chapter 13: Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.83 MB)
Sylvia H. Ley, PhD, RD, Matthias B. Schulze, DrPH, Marie-France Hivert, MD, MMSc, James B. Meigs, MD, MPH, and Frank B. Hu, MD, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 3.42 MB)
PMID: 33651531
Chapter 14: Genetics of Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.27 MB)
Jose C. Florez, MD, PhD, Miriam S. Udler, MD, PhD, and Robert L. Hanson, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 1.88 MB)
PMID: 33651556
Chapter 15: Diabetes in Youth (PDF, 2 MB)
Dana Dabelea, MD, PhD, Richard F. Hamman, MD, DrPH, and William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH
Figures (ZIP, 0.83 MB)
PMID: 33651555
Chapter 16: Diabetes in Older Adults (PDF, 2.92 MB) (updated 3/8/2018)
Neda Laiteerapong, MD, MS, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH, FACP
Figures (ZIP, 0.77 MB)
Update History (PDF, 0.33 KB)
PMID: 33651542

Section II: Complications of Diabetes and Related Conditions

Chapter 17: Acute Metabolic Complications in Diabetes (PDF, 1.92 MB)
Arleta Rewers, MD, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.32 MB)
PMID: 33651551
Chapter 18: Heart Disease and Diabetes (PDF, 1.07 MB)
Elizabeth Barrett-Connor, MD, Deborah Wingard, PhD, Nathan Wong, PhD, and Ron Goldberg, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.58 MB)
PMID: 33651559
Chapter 19: Stroke and Diabetes (PDF, 0.48 MB)
Aleksandra Pikula, MD, Barbara V. Howard, PhD, and Sudha Seshadri, MD
Figures (ZIP, 1.78 MB)
PMID: 33651535
Chapter 20: Peripheral Arterial Disease, Foot Ulcers, Lower Extremity Amputations, and Diabetes (PDF, 3.47 MB)
Edward J. Boyko, MD, MPH, Matilde Monteiro-Soares, DPM, PhD, and Stephanie G.B. Wheeler, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 3.76 MB)
PMID: 33651539
Chapter 21: Epidemiology of Ocular Functions and Diseases in Persons With Diabetes (PDF, 1.53 MB)
Ronald Klein, MD, MPH, and Barbara E. K. Klein, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 1.66 MB)
PMID: 33651534
Chapter 22: Kidney Disease in Diabetes (PDF, 7.51 MB)
Meda E. Pavkov, MD, PhD, Allan J. Collins, MD, Josef Coresh, MD, PhD, and Robert G. Nelson, MD, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 10.34 MB)
PMID: 33651560
Chapter 23: Peripheral and Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes (PDF, 0.54 MB)
Rodica Pop-Busui, MD, PhD, Andrew J. M. Boulton, MD, DSc (PDF, Hon), FACP, FICP, FRCP, and Jay M. Sosenko, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.18 MB)
PMID: 33651568
Chapter 24: Diabetes and Cognitive Impairment (PDF, 1.99 MB)
José A. Luchsinger, MD, MPH, Christopher Ryan, PhD, and Lenore J. Launer, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 1.18 MB)
PMID: 33651563
Chapter 25: Impact of Sleep and Circadian Disturbances on Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 0.98 MB)
Sirimon Reutrakul, MD, CDE, Naresh M. Punjabi, MD, PhD, and Eve Van Cauter, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.77 MB)
PMID: 33651564
Chapter 26: Liver and Gallbladder Disease in Diabetes (PDF, 2.16 MB)
Constance E. Ruhl, MD, PhD, Jeanne M. Clark, MD, MPH, and James E. Everhart, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 0.45 MB)
PMID: 33651558
Chapter 27: Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Diabetes (PDF, 1.32 MB)
Adil E. Bharucha, MD, G. Richard Locke, MD, and Joseph A. Murray, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.82 MB)
PMID: 33651548
Chapter 28: Urologic Diseases and Sexual Dysfunction in Diabetes (PDF, 0.94 MB)
Aruna V. Sarma, PhD, Mary K. Townsend, ScD, Francine Grodstein, ScD, Benjamin N. Breyer, MD, and Jeanette S. Brown, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.08 MB)
PMID: 33651533
Chapter 29: Cancer and Diabetes (PDF, 0.55 MB)
Hsin-Chieh Yeh, PhD, Asieh Golozar, MD, PhD, MHS, MPH, and Frederick L. Brancati, MD, MHS
Figures (ZIP, 0.08 MB)
PMID: 33651571
Chapter 30: Infections Associated With Diabetes (PDF, 1.73 MB)
Leonard E. Egede, MD, MS, Beatrice J. Hull, MD, and Joni S. Williams, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 3.67 MB)
PMID: 33651550
Chapter 31: Oral Health and Diabetes (PDF, 6.01 MB)
Wenche S. Borgnakke, DDS, MPH, PhD, Robert J. Genco, DDS, PhD, Paul I. Eke, MS, PhD, MPH, PhD, and George W. Taylor, DMD, MPH, DrPH
Figures (ZIP, 11.3 MB)
PMID: 33651538
Chapter 32: Bone and Joint Complications in Diabetes (PDF, 0.89 MB)
Ann V. Schwartz, PhD, and Nancy E. Lane, MD
Figures (ZIP, 1.27 MB)
PMID: 33651567
Chapter 33: Psychiatric and Psychosocial Issues Among Individuals Living With Diabetes (PDF, 0.80 MB)
Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, PhD, Korey K. Hood, PhD, Sabrina A. Esbitt, PhD, Shamik Mukherji, MD, Naomi S. Kane, MA, and Alan Jacobson, MD
Figures (ZIP, 0.22 MB)
PMID: 33651537
Chapter 34: Diabetes and Disability (PDF, 0.56 MB)
Edward W. Gregg, PhD, and Andy Menke, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.67 MB)
PMID: 33651544
Chapter 35: Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.01 MB)
Aaron M. Secrest, MD, PhD, Raynard E. Washington, PhD, and Trevor J. Orchard, MBBCh, MMedSci
Figures (ZIP, 1.22 MB)
PMID: 33651546
Chapter 36: Mortality Trends in Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 1.19 MB)
Klara J. Rosenquist, MD, and Caroline S. Fox, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 1.23 MB)
PMID: 33651566

Section III: Prevention and Medical Care for Diabetes

Chapter 37: Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes (PDF, 1.35 MB)
Jay S. Skyler, MD, MACP, Jeffrey P. Krischer, PhD, Dorothy J. Becker, MD, MBBCh, and Marian Rewers, MD, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.20 MB)
PMID: 33651549
Chapter 38: Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes (PDF, 0.51 MB)
William C. Knowler, MD, DrPH, Jill P. Crandall, MD, Jean-Louis Chiasson, MD, and David M. Nathan, MD
PMID: 33651543
Chapter 39: Medication Use and Self-Care Practices in Persons With Diabetes (PDF, 0.82 MB)
Sharon H. Saydah, PhD
Figures (ZIP, 0.40 MB)
PMID: 33651554
Chapter 40: Health Care Utilization and Costs of Diabetes (PDF, 3.55 MB)
Laura N. McEwen, PhD, MPH, and William H. Herman, MD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 7.45 MB)
PMID: 33651541
Chapter 41: Quality of Care in People With Diabetes (PDF, 1.51 MB)
Elizabeth Selvin, PhD, MPH, FAHA, K. M. Venkat Narayan, MD, MSc, MBA, and Elbert S. Huang, MD, MPH, FACP
Figures (ZIP, 1.34 MB)
PMID: 33651570
Chapter 42: Health Insurance and Diabetes (PDF, 0.75 MB)
Sarah Stark Casagrande, PhD, and Catherine C. Cowie, PhD, MPH
Figures (ZIP, 1.31 MB)
PMID: 33651532

Appendix

Appendix 1 Conversions (PDF, 0.74 MB)

Index

Index (PDF, 1.4 MB)

Additional Information

Diagram of body parts and organs that can be affected by diabetes

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Diabetes in America is in the public domain of the United States. You may use the work without restriction in the United States.

Disclaimer

A number of the authors of chapters in Diabetes in America are employees of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The findings and conclusions in this compendium are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of NIH, CDC, or VHA.